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FileOutputFormat及其子类产生的文件放在输出目录下。每个reducer一个文件并且文件由分区号命名：part-r-00000，part-r-00001，等等。有时可能要对输出的文件名进行控制或让每个reducer输出多个文件。MapReduce为此提供了MultipleOutputFormat类。
MultipleOutputFormat类可以将数据写到多个文件，这些文件的名称源于输出的键和值或者任意字符串。这允许每个reducer（或者只有map作业的mapper）创建多个文件。采用name-r-nnnnn形式的文件名用于map输出，name-r-nnnnn形式的文件名用于reduce输出，其中name是由程序设定的任意名字，nnnnn是一个指名块号的整数（从0开始）。块号保证从不同块（mapper或者reducer）写的输出在相同名字情况下不会冲突。
我们可以对输出的文件名进行控制。考虑这样一个需求：按男女性别来区分度假订单数据。这需要运行一个作业，作业的输出是男女各一个文件，此文件包含男女性别的所有数据记录。
这个需求可以使用MultipleOutputs来实现：
package com.sjf.open.test;import java.io.IOException;import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configured;import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.CompressionCodec;import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.GzipCodec;import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobPriority;import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileSplit;import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.MultipleOutputs;import org.apache.hadoop.util.Tool;import org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner;import com.sjf.open.utils.ConfigUtil;/** * Created by xiaosi on 16-11-7. */public class VacationOrderBySex extends Configured implements Tool { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { int status = ToolRunner.run(new VacationOrderBySex(), args); System.exit(status); } public static class VacationOrderBySexMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, Text> { public String fInputPath = ""; @Override protected void setup(Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException { super.setup(context); fInputPath = ((FileSplit) context.getInputSplit()).getPath().toString(); } @Override protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException { String line = value.toString(); if(fInputPath.contains("vacation_hot_country_order")){ String[] params = line.split("\t"); String sex = params[2]; if(StringUtils.isBlank(sex)){ return; } context.write(new Text(sex.toLowerCase()), value); } } } public static class VacationOrderBySexReducer extends Reducer<Text, Text, NullWritable, Text> { private MultipleOutputs<NullWritable, Text> multipleOutputs; @Override protected void setup(Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException { multipleOutputs = new MultipleOutputs<NullWritable, Text>(context); } @Override protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<Text> values, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException { for (Text value : values) { multipleOutputs.write(NullWritable.get(), value, key.toString()); } } @Override protected void cleanup(Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException { multipleOutputs.close(); } } @Override public int run(String[] args) throws Exception { if (args.length != 2) { System.err.println("./run <input> <output>"); System.exit(1); } String inputPath = args[0]; String outputPath = args[1]; int numReduceTasks = 16; Configuration conf = this.getConf(); conf.setBoolean("mapred.output.compress", true); conf.setClass("mapred.output.compression.codec", GzipCodec.class, CompressionCodec.class); Job job = Job.getInstance(conf); job.setJobName("vacation_order_by_jifeng.si"); job.setJarByClass(VacationOrderBySex.class); job.setMapperClass(VacationOrderBySexMapper.class); job.setReducerClass(VacationOrderBySexReducer.class); job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class); job.setMapOutputValueClass(Text.class); job.setOutputKeyClass(NullWritable.class); job.setOutputValueClass(Text.class); FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, inputPath); FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(outputPath)); job.setNumReduceTasks(numReduceTasks); boolean success = job.waitForCompletion(true); return success ? 0 : 1; }}-rw-r--r-- 3 wirelessdev wirelessdev 0 2016-12-06 10:41 tmp/data_group/order/vacation_hot_country_order_by_sex/_SUCCESS-rw-r--r-- 3 wirelessdev wirelessdev 88574 2016-12-06 10:41 tmp/data_group/order/vacation_hot_country_order_by_sex/f-r-00005.gz-rw-r--r-- 3 wirelessdev wirelessdev 60965 2016-12-06 10:41 tmp/data_group/order/vacation_hot_country_order_by_sex/m-r-00012.gz-rw-r--r-- 3 wirelessdev wirelessdev 20 2016-12-06 10:41 tmp/data_group/order/vacation_hot_country_order_by_sex/part-r-00000.gz-rw-r--r-- 3 wirelessdev wirelessdev 20 2016-12-06 10:41 tmp/data_group/order/vacation_hot_country_order_by_sex/part-r-00001.gz-rw-r--r-- 3 wirelessdev wirelessdev 20 2016-12-06 10:41 tmp/data_group/order/vacation_hot_country_order_by_sex/part-r-00002.gz-rw-r--r-- 3 wirelessdev wirelessdev 20 2016-12-06 10:41 tmp/data_group/order/vacation_hot_country_order_by_sex/part-r-00003.gz-rw-r--r-- 3 wirelessdev wirelessdev 20 2016-12-06 10:41 tmp/data_group/order/vacation_hot_country_order_by_sex/part-r-00004.gz-rw-r--r-- 3 wirelessdev wirelessdev 20 2016-12-06 10:41 tmp/data_group/order/vacation_hot_country_order_by_sex/part-r-00005.gz-rw-r--r-- 3 wirelessdev wirelessdev 20 2016-12-06 10:41 tmp/data_group/order/vacation_hot_country_order_by_sex/part-r-00006.gz-rw-r--r-- 3 wirelessdev wirelessdev 20 2016-12-06 10:41 tmp/data_group/order/vacation_hot_country_order_by_sex/part-r-00007.gz-rw-r--r-- 3 wirelessdev wirelessdev 20 2016-12-06 10:41 tmp/data_group/order/vacation_hot_country_order_by_sex/part-r-00008.gz在MultipleOutputs的write()方法中指定的基本路径相对于输出路径进行解释，因为它可以包含文件路径分隔符（/），创建任意深度的子目录。例如，我们改动上面的需求：按男女性别来区分度假订单数据，不同性别数据位于不同子目录（例如：sex=f/part-r-00000）。
public static class VacationOrderBySexReducer extends Reducer<Text, Text, NullWritable, Text> { private MultipleOutputs<NullWritable, Text> multipleOutputs; @Override protected void setup(Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException { multipleOutputs = new MultipleOutputs<NullWritable, Text>(context); } @Override protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<Text> values, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException { for (Text value : values) { String basePath = String.format("sex=%s/part", key.toString()); multipleOutputs.write(NullWritable.get(), value, basePath); } } @Override protected void cleanup(Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException { multipleOutputs.close(); } }-rw-r--r-- 3 wirelessdev wirelessdev 0 2016-12-06 12:26 tmp/data_group/order/vacation_hot_country_order_by_sex/_SUCCESS-rw-r--r-- 3 wirelessdev wirelessdev 20 2016-12-06 12:26 tmp/data_group/order/vacation_hot_country_order_by_sex/part-r-00000.gz-rw-r--r-- 3 wirelessdev wirelessdev 20 2016-12-06 12:26 tmp/data_group/order/vacation_hot_country_order_by_sex/part-r-00001.gz-rw-r--r-- 3 wirelessdev wirelessdev 20 2016-12-06 12:26 tmp/data_group/order/vacation_hot_country_order_by_sex/part-r-00002.gz-rw-r--r-- 3 wirelessdev wirelessdev 20 2016-12-06 12:26 tmp/data_group/order/vacation_hot_country_order_by_sex/part-r-00003.gz-rw-r--r-- 3 wirelessdev wirelessdev 20 2016-12-06 12:26 tmp/data_group/order/vacation_hot_country_order_by_sex/part-r-00004.gz-rw-r--r-- 3 wirelessdev wirelessdev 20 2016-12-06 12:26 tmp/data_group/order/vacation_hot_country_order_by_sex/part-r-00005.gz-rw-r--r-- 3 wirelessdev wirelessdev 20 2016-12-06 12:26 tmp/data_group/order/vacation_hot_country_order_by_sex/part-r-00006.gz-rw-r--r-- 3 wirelessdev wirelessdev 20 2016-12-06 12:26 tmp/data_group/order/vacation_hot_country_order_by_sex/part-r-00007.gzdrwxr-xr-x - wirelessdev wirelessdev 0 2016-12-06 12:26 tmp/data_group/order/vacation_hot_country_order_by_sex/sex=fdrwxr-xr-x - wirelessdev wirelessdev 0 2016-12-06 12:26 tmp/data_group/order/vacation_hot_country_order_by_sex/sex=mFileOutputFormat的子类会产生输出文件(part-r-nnnnn)，即使文件是空的，也会产生。我们有时候不想要这些空的文件，我们可以使用LazyOutputFormat进行处理。它是一个封装输出格式，可以指定分区第一条记录输出时才真正创建文件。要使用它，用JobConf和相关输出格式作为参数来调用setOutputFormatClass()方法即可：
Configuration conf = this.getConf();Job job = Job.getInstance(conf);LazyOutputFormat.setOutputFormatClass(job, TextOutputFormat.class);再次检查一下我们的输出文件（第一个例子）：
sudo -uwirelessdev hadoop fs -ls tmp/data_group/order/vacation_hot_country_order_by_sex/Found 3 items-rw-r--r-- 3 wirelessdev wirelessdev 0 2016-12-06 13:36 tmp/data_group/order/vacation_hot_country_order_by_sex/_SUCCESS-rw-r--r-- 3 wirelessdev wirelessdev 88574 2016-12-06 13:36 tmp/data_group/order/vacation_hot_country_order_by_sex/f-r-00005.gz-rw-r--r-- 3 wirelessdev wirelessdev 60965 2016-12-06 13:36 tmp/data_group/order/vacation_hot_country_order_by_sex/m-r-00012.gz